Ration



Patented Nov. 16, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE No Drawing.

Application November 8, 1938,

Serial No. 696,537

3Claims.

My invention relates to a mineral and. medic- .inal supplement to a foodration, particularly desirable for use in a stock feeding ration butintended for any food ration to which it may 5 be suited, whether to betaken by animals or by man.

In my copending application Serial No. 62,169, filed February 3, 1936 incontinuation of my application Serial No. 655,082, filed February 3,

1933, claims are directed to the iodized feeding oil.

A purpose of the invention is to introduce iodine into the digestivesystem of an animal, fowl or man in a combination that is readily actedon by the digestive processes and absorbed into the body fats bycombining the iodine with a plurality of recognized and necessaryingredients of the ration. V

A further purpose is to combine iodine and a plurality of otherrecognized ingredients of a ration in a form that will mix readily withwater or milk and that will remain for a suitable period in reasonablyperfect suspension. In those areas deficient in calcium, lime water maybe added to diffuse the iodized oil and dispersion agent.

A further purpose is to step up the iodine content of an oil of a rationfor example, to the desired iodine content of the ration, then to 80properly distribute the iodine throughout the ration by the mixing ofthe oil with meal or one or more other ingredients of the ration.

A further purpose is to use an oil ingredient of a feed meal or rationas a carrier for the distribution of iodine throughout the meal orration.

I add the iodine, suitably as solid crystals, to the iodine reactive oilwithout the presence of the remaining or other ingredient of the meal orration, preferably thereafter thoroughly mixing the mass, as in a rationmixer, in order to obtain uniformity of distribution of the iodine.

0n combining the iodine and feeding oil it is usually advisable to addsome water. Heat very noticeably speeds the reaction. However thetemperature must not exceed 140 F. because of danger of destroying thevitamins.

A further purpose is to permit the effective use of ground lime stonerather than the much more ":e'xpensive ground oyster shells in theration of poultry by incorporating the ground lime stone with an iodizedmeal or other iodized food element of the ration.

A further purpose is to incorporate iodized feeding oils, or/and iodizedfeeding meals in the salt orland salt cakes for range cattle.

Afurtherpurposeistopartiallyiodizeanoil, suitably a vitamin-bearing fishoil, as cod-liver oil, or an animal or vegetable fat, and to mix 5 thepartially iodized oil with a finely divided absorbent materialpreferably a feeding meal, as with dried milk, malted milk, maltedsugars (Ovaltine) bone meal or other food meal or gum arabic.

To further add to the palatability of the iodized food 011 insuspension, I find the addition of lemon Juice and suitable proportionsof table salt to be effective. I also find that the adr dition of suchappetizers as chili sauce and proper proportions of table salt tend tominimize the fishy taste of the oil.

Further purposes will appear in the specification and in the claims.

As a dispersion-producing material I prefer a 20 vitamin-bearing foodmeal, as dried milk, malted milk or similar food materials, bone meal orprotein feeding meal, such as meat meal, fish meal, tankage, or (as anexample of vegetable protein) cottonseed meal, linseed meal, corngluten, 25 peanut meal or soy-bean meal. Gum arabic is also effective.

vThe dried milk, gum arabic, or meal is a dis-. persion producingmaterial, obtaining a substantially homogeneous mix of volume very largeas 30 compared to its iodine content, and I may use this mix when malnngup the food ration, permissibly with merely rough approximation in thequantity of mix taken when making up the ration, without danger of anyvery serious 35 changes in the iodine content of the ration.

It is quite desirable that the initial volume with which the iodine ismixed shall be relatively large and that the mixing shall be quiteeflectively carried out, in order to reduce the danger of pockets orconcentrated spots of iodine which may then continue into the final mixas relatively concentrated iodine-containing mix.

In a poultry ration I usually prefer to use codliver oil as a recipientor carrier of the iodine but may use other fish food oils, such asmenhaden oil, herring oil, blubber oil, sperm oil, high seal oil,sardine oil, cod oil, caal fish oil, sharkliver oil, pilchard oil,halibut-liver oil, burbot oil, or salmon oil, salmon oil beingparticularly desirable because of its high vitamin A and D content andits palatable character. Burbot oil is particularly advantageous for thecarrying of 19311 6, as its content of vitamins A and D is 55 about tentimes that of cod liver oil, for example, but it is normally very low iniodine, since the burbot is a Great Lakes fish.

I find also where a meal is adequately oily withan iodine reactive oil,good results may be obtained by adding the powdered iodine directly tothe oily meal, as to bone meal and to fish meal, with thorough mixingafter the addition of the iodine in order to secure adequately uniformdistribution of the iodine throughout the meal.

Fish meal and bone meal fortified with iodine make a particularlyvaluable protein and mineral supplement respectively for poultry andlive stock.

The assimilation of mineral salts by poultry, live stock or man is muchassisted by the presence of iodine, which is necessary for example forthe metabolism of calcium, so that an addition of calcium to aration isrelatively ineffective unless there is also added suflicient iodine tomake metabolism of the calcium effective.

Hitherto it has been usual to supply the calcium to poultry in the formof ground oyster shell, the much cheaper ground lime stone being muchless desirable, in that the oyster shells have been far higher in theiriodine content than the lime stone.

By mixing the ground lime stone with the iodized food oil I make theground lime stone which is nearly always much more available and cheaperthan oyster shells equally or more effective as a sourceof calcium thanthe oyster shell, thereby eliminating the need for oyster shell in thepoultry ration.

The feeding of iodized food oil with milk and ground'lime stone isparticularly desirable in the case of poultry. Chickens require a highiodine content in normal living and a high proportion of iodine in theirration. I

Iodine aids the assimilation of minerals necessary for egg laying andvitamin D acts similarly.

The combination of iodine, feeding oil and feeding bone meal isparticularly desirable. More usually I add the iodine as powderedcrystals to the feeding oil and to an amount insufiicient to saturatethe unsaturated glycerides and after the completion of the reaction addthe feeding bone meal, intimately mixing the meal and iodized oil.

Where the feeding bone meal contains sufiicient fat, the iodine may becombined directly with the meal, the iodine being added finely dividedthroughout the mealand the mass well mixed. The heating of the mealactively promotes the reaction. In each case salt and lime may be addedto make up a complete mineral supplement.

In order to facilitate the action of iodine in the feeding oils or othermaterial to be iodized, the

iodine may be heated to vaporizing temperature and passed directly intothe heated oil to be iodized. The action is rapid and particularlyeffective.

The simplest way to iodize my feeding oil is to bring iodine crystalsdirectly into contact with the feeding oil, and allow unsaturatedglycerides of the feeding oil to react with the iodine. Where the bonemeal or other meal contains an oil which is to be iodized, the sameprocedure may be adopted, in which case the unsaturated glycerides ofthe oil in the bone meal or other meal will react directly with theiodine.

The iodization of the bone meal is particularly desirable because iodineassists in the assimilation of calcium, and calcium is present insubstantial quantities in bone meal. Unless precautions are taken toinsure the presence of iodine in the ration, the feeding of calcium islikely to be of little avail, because much of the calcium will passthrough the body of the animal without assimilation due to lack ofiodine to assist in calcification. Where iodine is present in theration, it is even possible to obtain proper assimilation of calciumfrom powdered limestone, notwithstanding that iodine is entirely oralmost entirely absent from the limestone.

Vitamin D has an action in assisting calcification similar to that ofiodine. It was at one time considered that vitamin D controlledcalcification, but this opinion is being abandoned for the view thatvitamin D assists calcification. My results indicate that vitamin D andiodine form a particularly happy combination which is very conducive torapid and highly eflicient calcification.

The presence of fatty acids in the ration containing the iodine ishighly desirable as they take up the iodine and aid the absorption ofiodine. The fatty acids are said to protect the iodine, in that theyassist assimilation of the iodine and prevent immediate elimination ofthe iodine from the animal body. This may be due to the fact that theiodine combines with the unsaturated bonds in any unsaturated glyceridesduring digestion, if it is not so combined previously, and is absorbedwith the glycerides and distributed to the parts of the body to whichthe glycerides go.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is:

1. A food ration including feeding oil and feeding bone meal withartificial iodization of the meal.

2. A food ration including an artificially iodized bone meal.

3. A food ration including the reaction product of solid iodine and afeeding bone meal.

WILLIAM HENRY BRINTON.

